diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index b987255..3e07e7b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ tower = "0.4"
 
 ```rust
 use reqwest::Response;
-use reqwest_middleware::{ClientBuilder, ClientWithMiddleware, Error, MiddlewareRequest, RequestInitialiser, ReqwestService};
+use reqwest_middleware::{ClientBuilder, ClientWithMiddleware, Error, Layer, RequestInitialiser, ReqwestService, Service};
 use reqwest_retry::{RetryTransientMiddleware, policies::ExponentialBackoff};
 use reqwest_tracing::TracingMiddleware;
 
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ async fn main() {
 
 async fn run<M, I>(client: ClientWithMiddleware<M, I>)
 where
-    M: tower::Layer<ReqwestService>,
-    M::Service: tower::Service<MiddlewareRequest, Response = Response, Error = Error>,
+    M: Layer<ReqwestService>,
+    M::Service: Service,
     I: RequestInitialiser,
 {
     client
diff --git a/reqwest-middleware/Cargo.toml b/reqwest-middleware/Cargo.toml
index 5b969d1..8e81a82 100644
--- a/reqwest-middleware/Cargo.toml
+++ b/reqwest-middleware/Cargo.toml
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ reqwest = { version = "0.11", default-features = false, features = ["json", "mul
 serde = "1"
 task-local-extensions = "0.1.1"
 thiserror = "1"
-tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["util"] }
 futures = "0.3"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
diff --git a/reqwest-middleware/src/client.rs b/reqwest-middleware/src/client.rs
index 033179c..6f2964c 100644
--- a/reqwest-middleware/src/client.rs
+++ b/reqwest-middleware/src/client.rs
@@ -6,20 +6,18 @@ use reqwest::{Body, Client, IntoUrl, Method, Request, Response};
 use serde::Serialize;
 use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::fmt::{self, Display};
-use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 use std::time::Duration;
 use task_local_extensions::Extensions;
-use tower::layer::util::{Identity, Stack};
-use tower::{Layer, Service, ServiceBuilder, ServiceExt};
+// use tower::{Layer, Service, ServiceBuilder, ServiceExt};
 
-use crate::{Error, MiddlewareRequest, RequestInitialiser, RequestStack};
+use crate::{Error, Identity, Layer, RequestInitialiser, RequestStack, Service, Stack};
 
 /// A `ClientBuilder` is used to build a [`ClientWithMiddleware`].
 ///
 /// [`ClientWithMiddleware`]: crate::ClientWithMiddleware
 pub struct ClientBuilder<M, I> {
     client: Client,
-    middleware_stack: ServiceBuilder<M>,
+    middleware_stack: M,
     initialiser_stack: I,
 }
 
@@ -27,8 +25,8 @@ impl ClientBuilder<Identity, Identity> {
     pub fn new(client: Client) -> Self {
         ClientBuilder {
             client,
-            middleware_stack: ServiceBuilder::new(),
-            initialiser_stack: Identity::new(),
+            middleware_stack: Identity,
+            initialiser_stack: Identity,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -38,7 +36,10 @@ impl<M, I> ClientBuilder<M, I> {
     pub fn with<T>(self, layer: T) -> ClientBuilder<Stack<T, M>, I> {
         ClientBuilder {
             client: self.client,
-            middleware_stack: self.middleware_stack.layer(layer),
+            middleware_stack: Stack {
+                inner: layer,
+                outer: self.middleware_stack,
+            },
             initialiser_stack: self.initialiser_stack,
         }
     }
@@ -70,14 +71,11 @@ impl<M, I> ClientBuilder<M, I> {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ClientWithMiddleware<M, I> {
     inner: reqwest::Client,
-    middleware_stack: ServiceBuilder<M>,
+    middleware_stack: M,
     initialiser_stack: I,
 }
 
-impl<M: Layer<ReqwestService>, I: RequestInitialiser> ClientWithMiddleware<M, I>
-where
-    M::Service: Service<MiddlewareRequest, Response = Response, Error = Error>,
-{
+impl<M: Layer<ReqwestService>, I: RequestInitialiser> ClientWithMiddleware<M, I> {
     /// See [`Client::get`]
     pub fn get<U: IntoUrl>(&self, url: U) -> RequestBuilder<M, I> {
         self.request(Method::GET, url)
@@ -122,12 +120,12 @@ where
 }
 
 /// Create a `ClientWithMiddleware` without any middleware.
-impl From<Client> for ClientWithMiddleware<Identity, ()> {
+impl From<Client> for ClientWithMiddleware<Identity, Identity> {
     fn from(client: Client) -> Self {
         ClientWithMiddleware {
             inner: client,
-            middleware_stack: ServiceBuilder::new(),
-            initialiser_stack: (),
+            middleware_stack: Identity,
+            initialiser_stack: Identity,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -152,25 +150,18 @@ pub struct RequestBuilder<'client, M, I> {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ReqwestService(Client);
 
-impl Service<MiddlewareRequest> for ReqwestService {
-    type Response = Response;
-    type Error = Error;
+impl Service for ReqwestService {
     type Future = BoxFuture<'static, Result<Response, Error>>;
 
-    fn poll_ready(&mut self, _: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>> {
-        Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
-    }
-
-    fn call(&mut self, req: MiddlewareRequest) -> Self::Future {
-        let req = req.request;
-        let client = self.0.clone();
-        async move { client.execute(req).await.map_err(Error::from) }.boxed()
+    fn call(&mut self, req: Request, _: &mut Extensions) -> Self::Future {
+        let fut = self.0.execute(req);
+        async { fut.await.map_err(Error::from) }.boxed()
     }
 }
 
 impl<M: Layer<ReqwestService>, I: RequestInitialiser> RequestBuilder<'_, M, I>
 where
-    M::Service: Service<MiddlewareRequest, Response = Response, Error = Error>,
+    M::Service: Service,
 {
     pub fn header<K, V>(self, key: K, value: V) -> Self
     where
@@ -274,17 +265,13 @@ where
         let Self {
             inner,
             client,
-            extensions,
+            mut extensions,
         } = self;
         let req = inner.build()?;
-        client
+        let mut svc = client
             .middleware_stack
-            .service(ReqwestService(client.inner.clone()))
-            .oneshot(MiddlewareRequest {
-                request: req,
-                extensions,
-            })
-            .await
+            .layer(ReqwestService(client.inner.clone()));
+        svc.call(req, &mut extensions).await
 
         // client.execute_with_extensions(req, &mut extensions).await
     }
diff --git a/reqwest-middleware/src/lib.rs b/reqwest-middleware/src/lib.rs
index d0fd72c..d0894db 100644
--- a/reqwest-middleware/src/lib.rs
+++ b/reqwest-middleware/src/lib.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //!
 //! ```
 //! use reqwest::{Client, Request, Response};
-//! use reqwest_middleware::{ClientBuilder, Error, Extension, MiddlewareRequest};
+//! use reqwest_middleware::{ClientBuilder, Error, Extension, Layer, Service};
 //! use task_local_extensions::Extensions;
 //! use futures::future::{BoxFuture, FutureExt};
 //! use std::task::{Context, Poll};
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 //! struct LoggingLayer;
 //! struct LoggingService<S>(S);
 //!
-//! impl<S> tower::Layer<S> for LoggingLayer {
+//! impl<S> Layer<S> for LoggingLayer {
 //!     type Service = LoggingService<S>;
 //!
 //!     fn layer(&self, inner: S) -> Self::Service {
@@ -23,25 +23,19 @@
 //!     }
 //! }
 //!
-//! impl<S> tower::Service<MiddlewareRequest> for LoggingService<S>
+//! impl<S> Service for LoggingService<S>
 //! where
-//!     S: tower::Service<MiddlewareRequest, Response = Response, Error = Error>,
+//!     S: Service,
 //!     S::Future: Send + 'static,
 //! {
-//!     type Response = Response;
-//!     type Error = Error;
 //!     type Future = BoxFuture<'static, Result<Response, Error>>;
-//!
-//!     fn poll_ready(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
-//!         self.0.poll_ready(cx)
-//!     }
 //!     
-//!     fn call(&mut self, req: MiddlewareRequest) -> Self::Future {
-//!         println!("Request started {:?}", &req.request);
-//!         let fut = self.0.call(req);
+//!     fn call(&mut self, req: Request, ext: &mut Extensions) -> Self::Future {
+//!         println!("Request started {req:?}");
+//!         let fut = self.0.call(req, ext);
 //!         async {
 //!             let res = fut.await;
-//!             println!("Result: {:?}", res);
+//!             println!("Result: {res:?}");
 //!             res
 //!         }.boxed()
 //!     }
@@ -76,8 +70,49 @@ mod req_init;
 pub use client::{ClientBuilder, ClientWithMiddleware, RequestBuilder, ReqwestService};
 pub use error::Error;
 pub use req_init::{Extension, RequestInitialiser, RequestStack};
+use reqwest::{Request, Response};
+use task_local_extensions::Extensions;
 
-pub struct MiddlewareRequest {
-    pub request: reqwest::Request,
-    pub extensions: task_local_extensions::Extensions,
+/// Two [`RequestInitialiser`]s or [`Service`]s chained together.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Stack<Inner, Outer> {
+    pub(crate) inner: Inner,
+    pub(crate) outer: Outer,
+}
+
+pub trait Service {
+    type Future: std::future::Future<Output = Result<Response, Error>>;
+    fn call(&mut self, req: Request, ext: &mut Extensions) -> Self::Future;
+}
+
+pub struct Identity;
+
+impl<S: Service> Layer<S> for Identity {
+    type Service = S;
+
+    fn layer(&self, inner: S) -> Self::Service {
+        inner
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait Layer<S> {
+    /// The wrapped service
+    type Service;
+    /// Wrap the given service with the middleware, returning a new service
+    /// that has been decorated with the middleware.
+    fn layer(&self, inner: S) -> Self::Service;
+}
+
+impl<S, Inner, Outer> Layer<S> for Stack<Inner, Outer>
+where
+    Inner: Layer<S>,
+    Outer: Layer<Inner::Service>,
+{
+    type Service = Outer::Service;
+
+    fn layer(&self, service: S) -> Self::Service {
+        let inner = self.inner.layer(service);
+
+        self.outer.layer(inner)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/reqwest-middleware/src/req_init.rs b/reqwest-middleware/src/req_init.rs
index 75d8aa3..625927e 100644
--- a/reqwest-middleware/src/req_init.rs
+++ b/reqwest-middleware/src/req_init.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use reqwest::RequestBuilder;
 use task_local_extensions::Extensions;
-use tower::layer::util::Identity;
+
+use crate::Identity;
 
 /// When attached to a [`ClientWithMiddleware`] (generally using [`with_init`]), it is run
 /// whenever the client starts building a request, in the order it was attached.
@@ -56,8 +57,8 @@ where
 /// This is a good way to inject extensions to middleware deeper in the stack
 ///
 /// ```
-/// use reqwest::{Client, RequestBuilder, Response};
-/// use reqwest_middleware::{ClientBuilder, Error, Extension, MiddlewareRequest};
+/// use reqwest::{Client, Request, Response};
+/// use reqwest_middleware::{ClientBuilder, Error, Extension, Layer, Service};
 /// use task_local_extensions::Extensions;
 /// use futures::future::{BoxFuture, FutureExt};
 /// use std::task::{Context, Poll};
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ where
 /// struct LoggingLayer;
 /// struct LoggingService<S>(S);
 ///
-/// impl<S> tower::Layer<S> for LoggingLayer {
+/// impl<S> Layer<S> for LoggingLayer {
 ///     type Service = LoggingService<S>;
 ///
 ///     fn layer(&self, inner: S) -> Self::Service {
@@ -76,28 +77,21 @@ where
 ///     }
 /// }
 ///
-/// impl<S> tower::Service<MiddlewareRequest> for LoggingService<S>
+/// impl<S> Service for LoggingService<S>
 /// where
-///     S: tower::Service<MiddlewareRequest, Response = Response, Error = Error>,
+///     S: Service,
 ///     S::Future: Send + 'static,
 /// {
-///     type Response = Response;
-///     type Error = Error;
 ///     type Future = BoxFuture<'static, Result<Response, Error>>;
-///
-///     fn poll_ready(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
-///         self.0.poll_ready(cx)
-///     }
 ///     
-///     fn call(&mut self, req: MiddlewareRequest) -> Self::Future {
+///     fn call(&mut self, req: Request, ext: &mut Extensions) -> Self::Future {
 ///         // get the log name or default to "unknown"
-///         let name = req
-///             .extensions
+///         let name = ext
 ///             .get()
 ///             .map(|&LogName(name)| name)
 ///             .unwrap_or("unknown");
-///         println!("[{name}] Request started {:?}", &req.request);
-///         let fut = self.0.call(req);
+///         println!("[{name}] Request started {req:?}");
+///         let fut = self.0.call(req, ext);
 ///         async move {
 ///             let res = fut.await;
 ///             println!("[{name}] Result: {res:?}");
diff --git a/reqwest-retry/Cargo.toml b/reqwest-retry/Cargo.toml
index a0098a7..9c2e060 100644
--- a/reqwest-retry/Cargo.toml
+++ b/reqwest-retry/Cargo.toml
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ retry-policies = "0.1"
 task-local-extensions = "0.1.1"
 tokio = { version = "1.6", features = ["time"] }
 tracing = "0.1.26"
-tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["retry"] }
 pin-project-lite = "0.2"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
diff --git a/reqwest-retry/src/middleware.rs b/reqwest-retry/src/middleware.rs
index 65f07bd..6c2d31c 100644
--- a/reqwest-retry/src/middleware.rs
+++ b/reqwest-retry/src/middleware.rs
@@ -7,13 +7,11 @@ use crate::retryable::Retryable;
 use chrono::Utc;
 use futures::Future;
 use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
-use reqwest::Response;
-use reqwest_middleware::{Error, MiddlewareRequest};
+use reqwest::{Request, Response};
+use reqwest_middleware::{Error, Layer, Service};
 use retry_policies::RetryPolicy;
 use task_local_extensions::Extensions;
 use tokio::time::Sleep;
-use tower::retry::{Policy, Retry};
-use tower::{Layer, Service};
 
 /// `RetryTransientMiddleware` offers retry logic for requests that fail in a transient manner
 /// and can be safely executed again.
@@ -62,20 +60,20 @@ impl<T: RetryPolicy + Send + Sync> RetryTransientMiddleware<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: RetryPolicy + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static, Svc> Layer<Svc> for RetryTransientMiddleware<T>
+impl<T, Svc> Layer<Svc> for RetryTransientMiddleware<T>
 where
-    Svc: Service<MiddlewareRequest, Response = Response, Error = Error>,
+    T: RetryPolicy + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
     type Service = Retry<TowerRetryPolicy<T>, Svc>;
 
     fn layer(&self, inner: Svc) -> Self::Service {
-        Retry::new(
-            TowerRetryPolicy {
+        Retry {
+            policy: TowerRetryPolicy {
                 n_past_retries: 0,
                 retry_policy: self.retry_policy.clone(),
             },
-            inner,
-        )
+            service: inner,
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -108,14 +106,10 @@ impl<T> Future for RetryFuture<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: RetryPolicy + Clone> Policy<MiddlewareRequest, Response, Error> for TowerRetryPolicy<T> {
+impl<T: RetryPolicy + Clone> Policy for TowerRetryPolicy<T> {
     type Future = RetryFuture<T>;
 
-    fn retry(
-        &self,
-        _req: &MiddlewareRequest,
-        result: std::result::Result<&Response, &Error>,
-    ) -> Option<Self::Future> {
+    fn retry(&self, _req: &Request, result: &Result<Response, Error>) -> Option<Self::Future> {
         // We classify the response which will return None if not
         // errors were returned.
         match Retryable::from_reqwest_response(result) {
@@ -147,10 +141,172 @@ impl<T: RetryPolicy + Clone> Policy<MiddlewareRequest, Response, Error> for Towe
         }
     }
 
-    fn clone_request(&self, req: &MiddlewareRequest) -> Option<MiddlewareRequest> {
-        Some(MiddlewareRequest {
-            request: req.request.try_clone()?,
-            extensions: Extensions::new(),
-        })
+    fn clone_request(&self, req: &Request) -> Option<Request> {
+        req.try_clone()
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait Policy: Sized {
+    /// The [`Future`] type returned by [`Policy::retry`].
+    type Future: Future<Output = Self>;
+
+    /// Check the policy if a certain request should be retried.
+    ///
+    /// This method is passed a reference to the original request, and either
+    /// the [`Service::Response`] or [`Service::Error`] from the inner service.
+    ///
+    /// If the request should **not** be retried, return `None`.
+    ///
+    /// If the request *should* be retried, return `Some` future of a new
+    /// policy that would apply for the next request attempt.
+    ///
+    /// [`Service::Response`]: crate::Service::Response
+    /// [`Service::Error`]: crate::Service::Error
+    fn retry(&self, req: &Request, result: &Result<Response, Error>) -> Option<Self::Future>;
+
+    /// Tries to clone a request before being passed to the inner service.
+    ///
+    /// If the request cannot be cloned, return [`None`].
+    fn clone_request(&self, req: &Request) -> Option<Request>;
+}
+
+pin_project! {
+    /// Configure retrying requests of "failed" responses.
+    ///
+    /// A [`Policy`] classifies what is a "failed" response.
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    pub struct Retry<P, S> {
+        #[pin]
+        policy: P,
+        service: S,
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P, S> Service for Retry<P, S>
+where
+    P: 'static + Policy + Clone,
+    S: 'static + Service + Clone,
+{
+    type Future = ResponseFuture<P, S>;
+
+    fn call(&mut self, request: Request, ext: &mut Extensions) -> Self::Future {
+        let cloned = self.policy.clone_request(&request);
+        let future = self.service.call(request, ext);
+
+        ResponseFuture::new(cloned, self.clone(), future)
+    }
+
+    // fn call(&mut self, request: Request) -> Self::Future {
+    //     let cloned = self.policy.clone_request(&request);
+    //     let future = self.service.call(request);
+
+    //     ResponseFuture::new(cloned, self.clone(), future)
+    // }
+}
+
+pin_project! {
+    /// The [`Future`] returned by a [`Retry`] service.
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    pub struct ResponseFuture<P, S>
+    where
+        P: Policy,
+        S: Service,
+    {
+        request: Option<Request>,
+        #[pin]
+        retry: Retry<P, S>,
+        #[pin]
+        state: State<S::Future, P::Future>,
+    }
+}
+
+pin_project! {
+    #[project = StateProj]
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    enum State<F, P> {
+        // Polling the future from [`Service::call`]
+        Called {
+            #[pin]
+            future: F
+        },
+        // Polling the future from [`Policy::retry`]
+        Checking {
+            #[pin]
+            checking: P
+        },
+        // Polling [`Service::poll_ready`] after [`Checking`] was OK.
+        Retrying,
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P, S> ResponseFuture<P, S>
+where
+    P: Policy,
+    S: Service,
+{
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        request: Option<Request>,
+        retry: Retry<P, S>,
+        future: S::Future,
+    ) -> ResponseFuture<P, S> {
+        ResponseFuture {
+            request,
+            retry,
+            state: State::Called { future },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P, S> Future for ResponseFuture<P, S>
+where
+    P: Policy + Clone,
+    S: Service + Clone,
+{
+    type Output = Result<Response, Error>;
+
+    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
+        let mut this = self.project();
+
+        loop {
+            match this.state.as_mut().project() {
+                StateProj::Called { future } => {
+                    let result = ready!(future.poll(cx));
+                    if let Some(ref req) = this.request {
+                        match this.retry.policy.retry(req, &result) {
+                            Some(checking) => {
+                                this.state.set(State::Checking { checking });
+                            }
+                            None => return Poll::Ready(result),
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // request wasn't cloned, so no way to retry it
+                        return Poll::Ready(result);
+                    }
+                }
+                StateProj::Checking { checking } => {
+                    this.retry
+                        .as_mut()
+                        .project()
+                        .policy
+                        .set(ready!(checking.poll(cx)));
+                    this.state.set(State::Retrying);
+                }
+                StateProj::Retrying => {
+                    let req = this
+                        .request
+                        .take()
+                        .expect("retrying requires cloned request");
+                    *this.request = this.retry.policy.clone_request(&req);
+                    this.state.set(State::Called {
+                        future: this
+                            .retry
+                            .as_mut()
+                            .project()
+                            .service
+                            .call(req, &mut Extensions::new()),
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/reqwest-retry/src/retryable.rs b/reqwest-retry/src/retryable.rs
index 2a36deb..d6e4cae 100644
--- a/reqwest-retry/src/retryable.rs
+++ b/reqwest-retry/src/retryable.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ impl Retryable {
     ///
     /// Returns `None` if the response object does not contain any errors.
     ///
-    pub fn from_reqwest_response(res: Result<&reqwest::Response, &Error>) -> Option<Self> {
+    pub fn from_reqwest_response(res: &Result<reqwest::Response, Error>) -> Option<Self> {
         match res {
             Ok(success) => {
                 let status = success.status();
diff --git a/reqwest-tracing/Cargo.toml b/reqwest-tracing/Cargo.toml
index 9e214d2..785dadf 100644
--- a/reqwest-tracing/Cargo.toml
+++ b/reqwest-tracing/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ async-trait = "0.1.51"
 reqwest = { version = "0.11", default-features = false }
 task-local-extensions = "0.1.1"
 tracing = "0.1.26"
-tower = "0.4"
 pin-project-lite = "0.2"
 
 opentelemetry_0_13_pkg = { package = "opentelemetry", version = "0.13", optional = true }
diff --git a/reqwest-tracing/src/middleware.rs b/reqwest-tracing/src/middleware.rs
index 762bd32..f53f67e 100644
--- a/reqwest-tracing/src/middleware.rs
+++ b/reqwest-tracing/src/middleware.rs
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
-use reqwest::Response;
-use reqwest_middleware::{Error, MiddlewareRequest};
-use tower::{Layer, Service};
+use reqwest::{Request, Response};
+use reqwest_middleware::{Error, Layer, Service};
+use task_local_extensions::Extensions;
+// use tower::{Layer, Service};
 use tracing::Span;
 
 use crate::{DefaultSpanBackend, ReqwestOtelSpanBackend};
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ impl Default for TracingMiddleware<DefaultSpanBackend> {
 impl<ReqwestOtelSpan, Svc> Layer<Svc> for TracingMiddleware<ReqwestOtelSpan>
 where
     ReqwestOtelSpan: ReqwestOtelSpanBackend + Sync + Send + 'static,
+    Svc: Service,
 {
     type Service = TracingMiddlewareService<ReqwestOtelSpan, Svc>;
 
@@ -58,26 +60,15 @@ pub struct TracingMiddlewareService<S: ReqwestOtelSpanBackend, Svc> {
     service: Svc,
 }
 
-impl<ReqwestOtelSpan, Svc> Service<MiddlewareRequest>
-    for TracingMiddlewareService<ReqwestOtelSpan, Svc>
+impl<ReqwestOtelSpan, Svc> Service for TracingMiddlewareService<ReqwestOtelSpan, Svc>
 where
     ReqwestOtelSpan: ReqwestOtelSpanBackend + Sync + Send + 'static,
-    Svc: Service<MiddlewareRequest, Response = Response, Error = Error>,
+    Svc: Service,
 {
-    type Response = Response;
-    type Error = Error;
     type Future = TracingMiddlewareFuture<ReqwestOtelSpan, Svc::Future>;
 
-    fn poll_ready(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
-        self.service.poll_ready(cx)
-    }
-
-    fn call(&mut self, req: MiddlewareRequest) -> Self::Future {
-        let MiddlewareRequest {
-            request,
-            mut extensions,
-        } = req;
-        let (backend, span) = ReqwestOtelSpan::on_request_start(&request, &mut extensions);
+    fn call(&mut self, req: Request, ext: &mut Extensions) -> Self::Future {
+        let (backend, span) = ReqwestOtelSpan::on_request_start(&req, ext);
         // Adds tracing headers to the given request to propagate the OpenTelemetry context to downstream revivers of the request.
         // Spans added by downstream consumers will be part of the same trace.
         #[cfg(any(
@@ -90,10 +81,7 @@ where
         ))]
         let request = crate::otel::inject_opentelemetry_context_into_request(request);
 
-        let future = self.service.call(MiddlewareRequest {
-            request,
-            extensions,
-        });
+        let future = self.service.call(req, ext);
 
         TracingMiddlewareFuture {
             span,